Wireless Technologies
BLE, WiFi, LoRa, cellular IoT, UWB, and mesh networking for embedded systems
BLE Basics
Bluetooth Low Energy fundamentals: BLE vs Classic Bluetooth, GAP advertising and connections, GATT services and characteristics, connection parameters, BLE 5.0 features, security, and power optimization for embedded systems.
WiFi for Embedded
WiFi for embedded systems: station vs AP mode, provisioning methods, power management (DTIM, light/deep sleep), WPA2/WPA3 security, embedded WiFi modules, and decision matrix for choosing WiFi vs BLE vs cellular.
Wireless Technology Selection Guide
Decision matrix for choosing the right wireless technology for embedded IoT: BLE vs WiFi vs LoRa vs Cellular vs Zigbee/Thread vs UWB compared across range, data rate, power, topology, cost, and use case. Includes a decision flowchart and common multi-radio combinations.
Cellular IoT: NB-IoT & LTE-M
Cellular IoT for embedded systems: NB-IoT vs LTE-M (Cat-M1) comparison, PSM and eDRX power saving, AT command modem control, SIM/eSIM provisioning, cellular module integration, data plan considerations, and 5G RedCap for IoT.
LoRa & LoRaWAN
LoRa and LoRaWAN for embedded IoT: PHY vs protocol stack, spreading factor/bandwidth/coding rate trade-offs, LoRaWAN architecture, device classes (A/B/C), OTAA vs ABP activation, ADR, duty cycle restrictions, and comparison with NB-IoT and Sigfox.
Mesh Networking: Zigbee, Thread & Matter
Mesh networking for embedded IoT: why mesh matters (self-healing, range extension), Zigbee architecture and ZCL, Thread's IP-native mesh over 802.15.4, Matter as the unifying application layer, and choosing mesh vs star topology.
Ultra-Wideband (UWB)
Ultra-Wideband for embedded systems: short-pulse wideband radio for precise ranging, IEEE 802.15.4z, TWR vs TDoA ranging methods, UWB vs BLE positioning comparison, digital car keys, indoor positioning, and embedded UWB chips.